A scientist from Mainz University examines the global decline of insect populations, highlighting key causes and potential solutions as part of a special feature in Biology Letters. The decline in both the numbers and biodiversity of insects is primarily driven by intensified land use for agriculture and construction, climate change, and invasive species introduced through human trade. PD Dr. Florian Menzel, along with colleagues, initiated this research compilation to explore the interplay of these factors. Their findings indicate that human-altered ecosystems are more vulnerable to climate change and also support invasive species, which outcompete native insects, leading to a loss of specialized species. This homogenization threatens ecosystem stability, reducing the diversity necessary for pollination and pest control, which in turn impacts food availability for insectivorous animals. To address these challenges, the authors recommend standardized monitoring techniques for insect diversity globally and creating interconnected nature reserves to facilitate species migration in response to climate change. Additionally, they advocate for measures to curb the spread of invasive species, emphasizing that the ongoing threat from global trade and tourism cannot be ignored. The implications of insect decline are severe, with cascading effects on ecosystem health and biodiversity.
