Researchers from Washington University School of Medicine have identified a promising approach to develop painkillers that do not cause addiction or hallucinations by targeting the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Current pain medications, such as morphine and oxycodone, predominantly activate the mu opioid receptor, leading to addiction and euphoria, while alternative drugs aimed at KOR often induce hallucinations. The study highlights specific binding sites on the KOR that do not trigger these side effects. By exploring the interactions of seven G proteins associated with the KOR, scientists believe they can create drugs that provide effective pain relief without the risks of addiction or hallucinations.
Principal investigator Tao Che and his team utilized advanced imaging techniques to uncover how certain compounds interact with KOR, revealing pathways responsible for hallucinations. Their findings suggest that by selectively activating non-hallucinogenic pathways, new therapeutic options for pain management can be developed. This research is particularly crucial in light of the opioid crisis, which has led to over 100,000 overdose deaths in the U.S. in 2021. With continued investigation, this innovative method could lead to safer pain-relieving medications that mitigate side effects commonly associated with current opioid therapies.
