A study from Tulane University suggests that the Mediterranean diet could enhance memory and cognitive flexibility by influencing gut microbiota. Published in Gut Microbes Reports, the research found that rats on a Mediterranean diet—rich in olive oil, fish, and fiber—developed distinct gut microbiome profiles compared to those on a typical Western diet high in saturated fats. This shift in gut bacteria correlated with improved memory and cognitive performance, particularly in maze tests designed to assess learning. Specifically, higher levels of beneficial bacteria, such as Candidatus Saccharimonas, were linked to better cognitive outcomes, while increased Bifidobacterium levels were associated with poorer memory. The Mediterranean diet group also exhibited superior cognitive flexibility and maintained lower levels of harmful LDL cholesterol. Lead researcher Rebecca Solch-Ottaiano indicated that this study provides insight into how dietary choices could shape cognitive performance through gut microbiome changes. Although the study used young rats to model the effects on brain development—analogous to 18-year-old humans—further research in humans is needed to fully understand the implications. Key components of the Mediterranean diet include olive oil, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, lean proteins, and minimal red meat and saturated fats.
