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Researchers have developed a novel lensless imaging method for high-resolution microscopy, particularly effective for studying nanoscale patterns in electronic and photonic components. The technique, known as ptychography, traditionally involves scanning a beam across a sample to gather scattered light for image reconstruction. However, it faced challenges with periodic samples, where the scattered light remained unchanged, hindering image quality. To overcome this, Bin Wang and Nathan Brooks from JILA, along with their colleagues, utilized a special donut-shaped vortex beam produced through high harmonic generation (HHG). This innovative approach generated varied diffraction patterns as the beam scanned across periodic structures, leading to more accurate image reconstructions. The new method demonstrated less damage to delicate samples compared to traditional electron microscopy, making it suitable for imaging fragile materials, including biological specimens. This advancement significantly enhances the ability to analyze nanostructures vital for future technologies in nanoelectronics, photonics, and metamaterials. It opens pathways for high-resolution imaging of complex patterns without destruction, paving the way for potential applications in imaging living cells. The findings have been published in Optica and highlighted as a major innovation in optics for 2023.
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