The Zhurong rover, part of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission, has discovered evidence of liquid water at low Martian latitudes, challenging previous notions that water on Mars existed only in solid or gaseous forms. Published on April 28 in the journal Science Advances, a study led by Prof. Xiaoguang Qin analyzed dune morphology and mineral compositions in the Utopia Planitia area, revealing hydrated sulfates, silica, and iron oxide minerals indicative of liquid water presence. The rover used advanced imaging and spectrometry to identify surface features linked to saline water activity, such as crusts and polygonal ridges. Key findings suggest that melting frost or snow on salt-rich dunes creates briny water, which solidifies into crusts as it dries, forming visible traces. This new evidence indicates that climatic conditions suitable for liquid water can occur at low latitudes of Mars during specific periods. Such findings enhance our understanding of Martian climate evolution and underscore the potential for habitable environments on Mars, making them crucial for future life searches on the planet. Overall, the Zhurong rover’s work represents a significant advancement in Martian exploration and the search for signs of life.
