Arizona State University researchers conducted a three-year proof-of-concept study in the lower Sonoran Desert, exploring the potential of solar farms to serve as nurseries for biocrust, a vital ecosystem component composed of microorganisms like cyanobacteria, fungi, and lichens. The study found that biocrust biomass doubled and coverage tripled under photovoltaic panels compared to exposed soil. Biocrusts stabilize soil, enhance nutrient cycling, and maintain water retention, yet they face significant threats from human activity and climate change.
The research introduces “crustivoltaics,” a novel method that utilizes solar energy farms for biocrust cultivation, shielding it from harsh sunlight and temperatures. Harvested biocrusts can expedite restoration in degraded areas, rebounding to nearly original levels within a year when re-inoculated. The researchers envision scaling this effort to incorporate larger solar farms, potentially revitalizing over 70,000 hectares of fallow agricultural land in Maricopa County.
The crustivoltaics approach is cost-effective and beneficial for both ecosystem restoration and solar energy production, offering a win-win scenario for energy developers and environmental conservation. The findings underscore the importance of protecting biocrusts, which are crucial for maintaining the health and sustainability of dryland ecosystems.
