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Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a novel design for lightweight 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMDC) solar cells, potentially increasing their efficiency from 5% to 12%. These solar cells are particularly suitable for space applications due to their high specific power and minimal weight—100 times lighter than traditional silicon or gallium arsenide solar cells. The new design utilizes a superlattice structure, which enhances solar absorption by allowing light to bounce within the thin layers of the cell, measuring just 3-5 nanometers thick. This thinness contributes to both their designation as “2D” and their effectiveness in generating electricity. Lead researcher Deep Jariwala emphasizes the importance of modeling the behavior of excitons—particles formed when sunlight is absorbed— to fully unlock the cells’ potential. While 2D TMDC solar cells have not yet reached the efficiency of silicon cells, their lightweight nature makes them ideal for space exploration, where transporting heavier materials is economically challenging. The team aims to further advance the technology and establish methods for large-scale production of these solar cells in the coming years, with aspirations of achieving efficiencies exceeding 10%.
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