A recent NASA-DOD study highlights that by 2100, underground saltwater intrusion will significantly impact coastal aquifers, particularly along the U.S. Eastern Seaboard. Rising sea levels and decreased groundwater recharge due to climate change will exacerbate this issue, rendering many freshwater sources undrinkable and harming ecosystems. The study indicates that about 75% of coastal areas globally will experience some level of saltwater intrusion.
The research evaluated over 60,000 coastal watersheds, revealing two main contributing factors: rising sea levels and reduced rainfall. Rising sea levels will drive saltwater inland in 82% of watersheds, moving the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater moderately. In contrast, slower groundwater recharge may lead to a more extensive inland shift, affecting 45% of watersheds, particularly in regions like the Arabian Peninsula and Baja California.
To mitigate these risks, the study suggests tailored management strategies based on the dominant cause of intrusion—protecting groundwater resources or managing aquifers to counteract oversaturation. This comprehensive analysis reinforces the need for global strategies to address the threats posed by climate change, especially for vulnerable regions lacking resources.
