Researchers from Bar-Ilan University, led by Prof. Shlomo Havlin and Prof. Aviad Frydman, have experimentally demonstrated the "network of networks" theory using interdependent superconducting networks. This study, published in Nature Physics, validates Havlin’s 2010 theory which posited that the 2003 Italy blackout stemmed from the interdependency between power and communication networks, leading to cascading failures. The researchers created a controlled system where superconducting networks, separated by an insulating layer that allows thermal transfer, exhibited the theorized abrupt transitions in behavior under varying temperatures. While uncoupled networks show smooth transitions from superconducting to normal states, coupled networks display sharp transitions due to thermal feedback between layers, resulting in self-propagating avalanches of superconducting breakdown. This breakthrough not only establishes a benchmark for exploring interdependent networks in physical systems but also opens avenues for applications in self-healing systems and sensitive sensors. The findings highlight the relevance of network science in understanding physical phenomena, suggesting that the interactions between different types of networks can lead to novel phase transitions and materials science developments. This research thus reconnects physics and network science, showcasing the potential of interdisciplinary approaches to advance both fields.
