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How Estrogen Disrupts Heartbeat Regulation and Contributes to Heart Disease

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A study from Linköping University highlights the adverse effects of estrogen on heart rhythm regulation, particularly in women with hereditary Long QT syndrome (LQTS), which is characterized by prolonged heartbeats due to ion channel mutations. The researchers found that estrogen negatively impacts the function of the Kv7.1/KCNE1 ion channel, which is often mutated in LQTS, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Despite women generally having better cardiovascular protection, the study suggests that higher estrogen levels may exacerbate arrhythmia risks associated with certain genetic mutations. Notably, some mutations increase estrogen sensitivity, which can lead to heightened risks for women carriers. The research involved experiments using frog eggs to assess the ion channel’s functionality in response to estradiol, the active form of estrogen. Additionally, the study highlights the protective role of endocannabinoids against LQTS, suggesting potential avenues for treatment. The findings could prompt further investigations into how estrogen and genetic factors interact in arrhythmia risks and underscore the importance of considering individual risk profiles in women with hereditary LQTS. The study emphasizes the need to balance understanding the protective and detrimental effects of estrogen in cardiovascular health.

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