Professor Raz Yirmiya, a leading neuroscientist at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, discusses the critical relationship between stress, inflammation, and depression in a recent Genomic Press interview. His research uncovers how stress— a primary trigger for depression—activates inflammatory processes in the brain, leading to promising new antidepressant therapies that are tailored to individual immune responses. Yirmiya’s innovative approach combines sophisticated animal models and human studies to reveal how both activation and suppression of the immune system can contribute to depressive symptoms. His findings focus on potential therapeutic targets involving microglia cells and interleukin-1, which could lead to more personalized treatments based on a person’s inflammatory profile. Yirmiya, who transitioned from musician to neuroscientist, emphasizes the importance of understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying mental health. This interview highlights not only his impactful research but also offers personal insights into his journey, making it an engaging narrative for readers interested in the future of depression treatment. By shedding light on how inflammation connects to mental health, Yirmiya’s work raises essential questions about targeted interventions and the broader implications of his findings in neuroimmunology.